The life history of an egg-laying mammal, the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)

Ecoscience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart NICOL ◽  
Niels A. ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

scholarly journals NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF AGALLIA SANGUINOLENTA, Prov.

1892 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Herbert Osborn ◽  
H. A. Gossard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Leaf Hopper ◽  
History Of

This leaf-hopper is considered a clover pest, but is also known to feed on beets, rutabagas, cabbages and blue grass. It is active even in midwinter on sunshiny days. The eggs are thrust beneath the epidermis of the food-plant, and the first brood of larvæ appears from the middle of May until July 1st. The earliest individuals of the brood are nearly mature by the first of July and are supposed to begin egg-laying a little later. Larvæ can be found in all stages of growth from this time until the advent of winter, but most of the individuals are believed to be included in two broods.

Observations on the nematode Mermis nigrescens and related species

Parasitology ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Host ◽  
The Common

The main features of the life-history of Mermis nigrescens, so far as it is known, are briefly discussed. Some data have been collected on its distribution in the British Isles, and on the seasonal appearance of the egg-laying females. The insect hosts of the worm are discussed, and feeding experiments on various invertebrates are recorded, including the experimental infection of the common earwig (Forflctila auricularia). This insect, which has also been found naturally infested, is regarded as an important host for the species, more especially where grasshoppers are absent. Observations by other workers on the influence of the number of larvae per host on the sex of the developing worms, and on the survival of the host, have been confirmed. Two new species, closely related to M. nigrescens, are described: M. kenyensis and M. tahitiensis, from Africa and Tahiti respectively.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WHITE PINE CONE BORER, EUCOSMA TOCULLIONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
White Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pollen Release

AbstractThe life history of the white pine cone borer, Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, was studied from 1992 to 1994 in an eastern white pine seed orchard in Ontario. Adults flew from late May to early July, and egg laying commenced in mid-June. Oviposition coincided with the onset of white pine pollen release. Eggs were laid singly or in clusters on cones, with most of the eggs laid on the basal third of the cone. Head capsule measurements indicated five instars. Larvae fed in cones from mid-June to the end of August. Mature larvae exited the cones and dropped to the ground to pupate. The insect is univoltine. Parasitism by the Hymenoptera, Trichogramma and Apanteles, accounted for 5% of the eggs and 1% of the larvae, respectively. About 40% of the larvae died from being entrapped in resin. There were no significant differences in attack rates by E. tocullionana within the tree except in the middle level, where the south quadrant had significantly higher rates than the north quadrant.

On the Morphology and Life History of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin, a Nematode Parasite in the Larvae of Sciara pullula Winn. (Diptera—Nematocera)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keilin ◽  
V. C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decaying Wood

1. An account is given of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin 1917, a Nematode parasite of the larvae of a Mycetophilid fly, Sciara pullula Winn., inhabiting decaying wood.2. The life history of this parasite is remarkable in the following respects:(a) The free-living stage is very short.(b) Both sexes are parasitic.(c) The usual host is the larva of the fly, from which the parasite escapes by actively breaking through the skin; but some parasites may be carried through to the imagines, from which they escape largely by the aid of the egg-laying movements provoked by them in the flies.3. Metamorphosis of the Sciara larva is delayed by the parasitism, so that at least two generations of Nematodes may be found in one host.4. All the parasitised imagines so far examined have been females.5. The systematic position of Aproctonema is discussed, the conclusion being that this worm and its near relative, Tetradonema plicans Cobb 1919, represent two closely allied genera of the family Mermithidae, but are not synonymous with Mermis. It is proposed to dispense with the family Tetra-donematidae Cobb.

Life history and biology of the riffle bug Rhagovelia obesa Uhler (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Southern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanna Cheng ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Life History Study

The life history of Rhagovelia obesa (Heteroptera: Veliidae) was investigated using field collected and laboratory reared material. The nymphal instars and adults are described and figured. This is the first life-history study of Rhagovelia or its related genera Tetraripis and Trochopus. These genera together have almost a worldwide distribution and are characterized by a unique swimming plume beating underwater. Four nymphal instars occur instead of the usual five. The overwintering stage is the egg, another unusual feature for aquatic Hemiptera. The site(s) of egg laying have not been located. For the first time Rhagovelia has been raised in the laboratory from first instar to adult.

A mathematical analysis of superparasitism by Collyria calcitrator Grav

Parasitology ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjory G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
High Degree

1. An outline of the life history of Cephus pygmaeus Linnaeus is given.2. The parasites of Cephus are listed and are discussed briefly in relation to the particular parasite Collyria calcitrator Gravenhorst.3. It is shown that if the host larvae collected from wheat-stubble in autumn are used for the investigation of the extent of parasitism by Collyria, allowance must be made for the fact that the parasite Pleurotropis benefica Gahan is intrinsically inferior to Collyria, and that its cocoons must represent hosts left unparasitized by Collyria.4. In summer the adults of Collyria emerge, on the whole, earlier than those of the host Cephus. This suggests that at the beginning of the season of oviposition there will be a scarcity of hosts in comparison with the numbers of parasites wishing to oviposit. The relative activity of host and parasite during the egg-laying period is worked out on hypotheses of the average length of life of the individuals, and is shown diagrammatically.5. The Cephus larvae travel down the stem and hibernate at the base. When the wheat is cut, a proportion of the larvae and their parasites are removed with the straw. The way in which this may prevent the stubble material from giving a true indication of the degree of parasitism in the population as a whole is discussed.6. On the basis that 3910 hosts receive 3600 parasites, various hypothetical distributions are worked out arithmetically in order to find which type of discrimination between healthy and parasitized hosts gives an arrangement of parasites most in agreement with what has been found for Collyria in Cephus. The most satisfactory result is that obtained when it is assumed that the probability of an already parasitized host being re-attacked varies with the proportion of parasitized hosts. It is also shown that a shortage of hosts at a time of parasite activity may cause a high degree of superparasitism, thus giving a false impression of the parasite's power of discrimination.7. Suggestions for further field work are given.

STUDIES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF TRACHYCHELE BLONDELI MARS. (COLEOPTERA)

1927 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Geo. R. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Seasonal History

In connection with the investigative work on Trachychele damage to western red cedar, it became expedient to make a study of the life history of the species, Trachychele blondeli Mars., which has become very troublesome to pole operators on the Coast of British Columbia. Accordingly a study of the life history was started by the writer in 1925. In the fall of that year and during the spring and summer of 1926, the seasonal history was studied and observations were made on emergence, egg laying, and breeding habits. The exact length of time spent in the larval state is still uncertain.

The Life-History of Limnaea truncatula under Laboratory Conditions

1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of

1. This paper describes the life-history of Limnaea truncatula under laboratory conditions.2. Under controlled conditions sexual maturity may be reached in 28 days and egg laying continues for the greater part of the snail's life.3. Under good environmental conditions each snail may lay as many as 60 eggs in a single day and a total of more than 3,000 in a life approximately a year.4. Egg laying occurs during every month and at temperatures as low as 10°C. to 11°C. The incubation period of the egg is related to the atmospheric temperature.5. The longevity of the snail is likely to be related to its rate of growth and to environmental conditions including periods of drought.6. The snail remains fully active at temperatures as low at 1.5°C.Sustained temperatures much above 20°C. are unfavourable, temperaturesabove 25°C. proving markedly deleterious.

scholarly journals Breeding ecology of the Yellow-bellied Warbler (Abroscopus superciliaris)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Bi ◽  
Yuxin Jiang ◽  
Canchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Natural Nest ◽  
History Of

Abstract The life history of birds dictates their activities and is crucial to population success. However, the life history traits of only one-third of the world’s bird species have been described; the rest are poorly understood. We studied the breeding ecology of the Yellow-bellied Warbler (Abroscopus superciliaris) and documented reproductive information throughout the egg and nestling periods. The data included natural nest sites, nest components, nest size, egg laying dates and time, egg morph, egg size, clutch size, egg incubation, nestling brooding and feeding, nestling morph and growth, and reproductive outcome. This study provided particular information of breeding ecology that has not been reported before in the Yellow-bellied Warbler.

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